The analysis concerns the problem of classifying the subject of transactions made electronically. Based on the applicable directives, the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and legislative proposals, the key features that determine whether the subject of a given transaction is a product or a service are listed. The article describes a strategy for legal ordering of the virtual space: by creating successive types of information society services and by perceiving the transaction as a process. Within the framework of such a transaction, including stages classified as both the free movement of services and goods, it is necessary to assess the dominant, most important element. However, there are no uniform criteria that would allow for their universal application. Their creation by the CJEU case law may be blocked by the aforementioned process of creating successive types of services within the digital single market.
- Authors:
- Dr. Joanna Mazur
This Gumtree.pl report "Active + The Future of the Labor Market" was created as part of the 4th edition of the "Start to Career" program, the aim of which is to determine the trends that will shape the reality of Polish employees and entrepreneurs in the coming years. The study, developed by a team of sociologists and economists from DELab UW, led by dr hab. Renata Włoch, is part of the Gumtree.pl strategy implemented for 4 years, consisting in diagnosing labor market phenomena and indicating appropriate directions of development and action for labor market participants. As in previous years, this edition of the "Active +" report will also serve as a substantive basis for conducting dozens of career workshops in schools across the country. Gumtree.pl trainers, over the last 3 years of the "Start to Career" program, have helped thousands of young people choose the right career path - this year, thanks to the "Active + The Future of the Labor Market" report, they can do it even more effectively.
- Authors:
- dr hab. Renata Włoch, prof. UW
- Michal Palinski
- Dr. Justyna Pokojska
In this study, embedded in the critical analysis of discourses, the author presents various discourses related to the impact of new technologies, especially digital ones, on work. He focuses on six discourses: (1) the end of work, machine work, technological unemployment. (2) "Washing out the middle" - growing or sustained demand for high skills and low skills, decreasing demand for mid skills, increasingly susceptible to machineization and algorithmization; (3) machines needed by people - people needed by machines. Work in a techno-human collective; (4) work in a social factory (work of the multitude), prosumption (5) "budding work" - a metaphor of a newly built house: we are at the foundations of the information society; (6) dispersed work.
- Authors:
- dr hab. Kazimierz Krzysztofek, prof. SWPS
The study focuses on the current state of ICT sector development in the modern economy of Ukraine. The analysis of major economic indicators dynamics and statistics is made at the level of national economy, ICT sector and ICT enterprises. The study of ICT enterprises is based on the unique dataset of 6.5 thousands enterprises that belong to the ICT sector according to the Ukrainian KVED1classification. The study discussesmajor indicators of ICT sector development: the share of ICT in totalGDP and output, total exports and imports, in total employment, consumer prices, number of business entities. The micro-level indicators describe total revenues and employment growth, fixed and tangible assets development, labor and total factor productivity levels. Thecomparison between ICT sector indicators and all firms average indicatorsis drawn. The correction is made to exclude holdings companies from the sample. Attention is paid to the indicators of Internet penetration in retail trade, number of Internet, mobile communication and cable users in the Ukrainian economy. The current Ukrainian government digital economy policy is described as a number of new initiatives (e-government, IT sector business climate improvement, digital skills development) that have been launched as part of vast reforms agenda of Ukraine.
- Authors:
- Iryna Nasadiuk
This paper presents the results obtained in the study of the impact of high technology development on economic growth. 20 potentially important factors from this group were considered. In order to draw adequate conclusions, the set of independent variables was reduced using the FBMA approach. Then, the parameters of the models were estimated using the BMA method. The analyses used a panel consisting of many diverse regions. Therefore, models estimated based on different groups of countries (such as the EU, OECD, or "post-socialist countries") were considered first of all. The analysis confirms the expected significant impact of technological development on economic growth based on numerous structures considered, based on panel data, cross-sectional data, and spatial data (using spatial econometrics methods).
- Authors:
- Mariusz Próchniak
- Bartosz Witkowski
This publication aims to familiarize Polish readers with the digitalization processes taking place in Latin America and the Caribbean, with particular emphasis on the actions taken by countries in the international arena and the process of convergence or divergence with developed countries. The following are presented: the process of regional integration in the field of digitalization, taking into account the successive institutions established and an analysis of the fulfillment of signed declarations and a description of the challenges faced by the region; statistical analysis of data on the dissemination and use of digital technologies and a description of the economic effects caused by the digitalization of Latin America and the Caribbean
- Authors:
- Michal Gulczynski
The Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) is one of the most enduring and influential projects in the field known as digital humanities. Its goal is to provide guidance for the digital creation and management of every type of data created and used by humanities scholars, including primary texts, manuscripts, archival documents, ancient texts, and many others. In this short book, we will try to explain the nature and goals of TEI and provide some concrete examples of how it can be used in a variety of digital creation projects. But before we do that, we will try to answer a question that is usually ignored in such introductory texts: why bother with TEI at all? After all, almost anyone can use a word processor to create digital documents, use database systems to create and manage information, or create web pages with a simple editor. What is the point of learning XML or TEI to do the same job? More in the book.
- Authors:
- DELab Team
In this paper we try to explore the determinants of corporate decision to commercialize the results of research and development activity (measured by the level of expenditures on development works -results of the R&D activity -capitalized in the balance sheet), with particular emphasis on the role of scientists in the management or supervisory of the company. We aim to compare determinants of the level of expenses on R&D activity between academic enterprises (managed and/or supervised by academics), and all private companies also managed by people from the outside of the academic environment, based on the probit panel data analysis. Our analysis covers several aspects, including impact of researchers (doctors and professors) in management or/and supervisory board, operational risk, growth opportunities, research grants and subsidies and access to financing both internal (cash flow from operational activity, cash holdings) and external (debt including bank loans and borrowings, corporate bonds and share issue), mentioned in different streams of literature. We would also recognize an impact of patents and a localization close to academic centers and scientific institutes on R&D activity conducted by scientists and commercialization of the R&D outcomes through establishing a company as an example of academic entrepreneurship.
- Authors:
- dr hab. Anna Białek-Jaworska
- Michal Ziębiński
- Damian Zięba
In this report, we paint a portrait of the people who came to the training in terms of their level of digital skills. What can they already do, and what do they still need to learn so that employers would want to hire them? Why did they come to the training? What did they learn from the Internet Revolution experts? Which of the acquired skills did they use in practice on the job market? What did they like, and what could be improved? What are their career plans? What is worth paying attention to in the next edition of the Internet Revolution training?
- Authors:
- dr hab. Renata Włoch, prof. UW
Academic entrepreneurship is the active involvement in business activities of the academic community, including universities and research institutes, inventors, scientists and students who have the ability to create ideas, create innovations, take advantage of the opportunities to implement scientific results into the economy, stimulate demand for new innovative solutions, organise the necessary processes of commercialisation of technology and knowledge, and absorb funds for research and development (R&D) activities and attract risk capital.
- Authors:
- Dr. Anna Białek-Jaworska
- dr hab. Renata Gabryelczyk
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